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Grape Seed Antioxidant 60mg ("Dr. Recommended") 180 Vcaps NOW Foods NOW Grape Seed Antioxidant is a highly concentrated natural extract derived from grape seeds. It contains a number of unique beneficial flavonoid compounds (min 90% total polyphenols) which have demonstrated free radical and oxidant scavenging activity. * Details Serving Size: 1 Vcap® Suggested Use: As a dietary supplement, take 1 Vcap® 2 to 3 times daily with meals. Free of: sugar, salt, starch, yeast, wheat, gluten, corn, soy, milk, egg or preservatives. Other Ingredients: Cellulose (capsule), Cellulose and Magnesium Stearate (vegetable source). Vegetarian Formula. Warnings: Caution: Please discard the inedible freshness packet enclosed. Disclaimers: Natural color variations may occur in this product. Vcaps® is a registered trademark of Capsugel.
Exercise causes oxidative stress only when exhaustive. Strenuous exercise causes oxidation of glutathione, release of cytosolic enzymes, and other signs of cell damage. However, there is increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) not only are toxic but also play an important role in cell signaling and in the regulation of gene expression. Xanthine oxidase is involved in the generation of superoxide associated with exhaustive exercise. Allopurinol (an inhibitor of this enzyme) prevents muscle damage after exhaustive exercise, but also modifies cell signaling pathways associated with both moderate and exhaustive exercise in rats and humans. In gastrocnemius muscle from rats, exercise caused an activation of MAP kinases. This in turn activated the NF-kappaB pathway and consequently the expression of important enzymes associated with defense against ROS (superoxide dismutase) and adaptation to exercise (eNOS and iNOS). All these changes were abolished when ROS production was prevented by allopurinol. Thus ROS act as signals in exercise because decreasing their formation prevents activation of important signaling pathways that cause useful adaptations in cells. Because these signals result in an up regulation of powerful antioxidant enzymes, exercise itself can be considered an antioxidant.
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